Indeed, scRNA-seq has revealed diverse neuronal cell types in the mouse brain. One cell type with tremendous phenotypic and functional heterogeneity is neurons in the brain. The introduction of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) opened a new era in cell biology, where cellular identity and heterogeneity can be defined by transcriptome data. Keywords: Single-cell analysis RNA sequencing Transcriptome.Knowing the advantages and limitations of snRNA-seq will increase its use and improve the biological interpretation of the data generated using this technique. In this review, we will provide an overview of the experimental and analysis steps of snRNA-seq to understand the methods and characteristics of general and tissue-specific snRNA-seq data. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) is an alternative or complementary approach for cells that are difficult to isolate. For certain cell types and conditions, there are difficulties in isolating intact cells for transcriptome profiling due to their fragility, large size, tight interconnections, and other factors. Single-cell RNA sequencing has become a powerful and essential tool for delineating cellular diversity in normal tissues and alterations in disease states.Human adipose tissue contains higher numbers of cells of this subpopulation, which could explain the lower thermogenic activity of human compared to mouse adipose tissue and suggests that targeting this pathway could be used to restore thermogenic activity.1Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, KoreaĢDepartment of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, KoreaģDepartment of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, KoreaĤPrecision Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, KoreaĬorresponding Author: Seung-Ah Yoo, PhD, Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea, Tel: +82-2-3147-8410, Fax: +82-, E-mail: ' Corresponding Author: Hae-Ock Lee, PhD, Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea, Tel: +82-2-3147-8365, Fax: +82-, E-mail: ' Kim and Huiram Kang contributed equally to this work. We identify a rare subpopulation of adipocytes in mice that increases in abundance at higher temperatures, and we show that this subpopulation regulates the activity of neighbouring adipocytes through acetate-mediated modulation of their thermogenic capacity. Here we use single-nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) analysis in mice and humans to characterize adipocyte heterogeneity. In addition, adipose tissue functions as a signalling hub that regulates systemic metabolism through paracrine and endocrine signals 4. It is an important regulator of systemic metabolism, as shown by the fact that dysfunctional adipose tissue in obesity leads to a variety of secondary metabolic complications 2,3. tissue is usually classified on the basis of its function as white, brown or beige (brite) 1. 12 Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.2 Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland. 1 Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland. 11 Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA.10 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.9 Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.8 Department of Endocrinology, Cantonal Hospital Olten, Olten, Switzerland.7 The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.6 Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.5 Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center at the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.4 Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy.3 Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. ![]() 1 Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
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